ဒိုင္သမိုင္း

“'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;”

wnfae&mESifhtus,ft0ef;

'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf jrefrmjynf\ taemufbuf? csif;jynfe,f\
awmifbuf?rif;wyfNrdKU\taemufajrmuf?yvuf0NrdKU\ta&SUajrmuf?
uefyufvufNrdKU\ taemufajrmufbufESifh rwlyD NrdKU\ ta&SUawmif
bufwGifwnf&Sdonf/ajrmufvwfwDwG'f 20'D8&D 30 rdepfESifh 21 'D8&D
30 rdepftMum;?ta&SUavmifwDwG'f 93 'D8&D 10 rdepfESifh 94 'D8&D 10
rdepftMum;wGifwnf&Sdonf/ tvsm; rdkif 120 ausmf&Snfvsm;NyD;?teH
rdkif 60 eD;yg;us,f0ef;onf/

aus;&Gmrsm;ESifh vlOD;a&

'dkife,ftwGif; &Gmaygif; 170txufyg0ifNyD;&GmBuD;rsm;rSmysrf;rQtdrf
ajc100ausmf?&Gmi,frsm;rSmtdrfajc 20 0ef;usifwnf&Sdonf/trd'dkif
ajrwGiffrSDwif;aexdkifo lvlOD;a&ta,mufaygif; 60000 ausmf&SdNyD;?
pkpkaygif; 'dkifvlOD;a&rSmta,mufaygif; 90000 cefUjzpfonf/ysOf;rQ
tdrfwpftdrfwGifvlOD;a&tenf;qkH;5 OD;txuf&SdNyD;trsm;qHk;12 OD;
cefUaexdkifMuonf/ 'dkife,f&Sd &GmBuD;rsm;rSm ruGDtdrfEl;? csKdiftdrfEl;?
rIef;oEl;?abmUpEl;?csKdif;pEl;?xdkEl;?Mum;tdrfEl;?'kwftdrfEl;?vkHtdrfEl;?
xm;tdrfEl;?pef;tdrfEl;?cg&kdif;? csefjyef?&rfodrf;?tGrfaqG;?r'l?rqmwGD?
rSefawmifponfwdkUjzpfonf/

,Ofaus;rI "avhxkH;pHESifh bmoma&;

&dk;&m,Ofaus;rI xkH;pHrsm;rSm ausmufjyifcsDyGJ? aumufopfpm;yGJ? tdrf
opfwufyGJ? pyg;avSUyGJ ?r8FvmaqmifyGJ? 0ufowfyGJ wdkUjzpfí,cifu
ewfbmom0ifrsm; jzpfNyD; ,cktcgwGif 99 &mcdkifEIef; c&pf,mefbm
om0ifrsm;jzpfonf/ &dk;&myGJrsm; usif;y&mwGif a'ookH;acgif&nfESifh
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wGifus,fpGm tokH;jyKMuonf/ a'otac:ta0: &dk;&muyGJrsm;rSm
0g;nSyftu? yGDvrfpdrf? tEGJUpdrf? apmif;pm ?q,fvlpdrf ponfwdkUrSm
xif&Sm;onf/,cifuewfbmom0ifrsm;jzpfcJhonfhtavsmuf &dk;&m
ewfylaZmfyGJrsm;&SdcJUonf/MuufaA'ifudktxl;ojzifhMunfh&IMuonf/
rdb? bdk;bGm;rsm;\ qkH;rpum;rsm;? qdk&dk;pum;rsm;udk em;axmif
vdkufemMuonf/0wfpm;qif&ifrIrSmtrsKd;orD;rsm;on f&kd;&mvuf
,uf0g8Grf; xnfrsm;udk &ifrS 'l;txd 0ifqifMuonf/ (xdkUaMumifh
csif;ordkif;avhvmoltcsKdUu“&if'l;” 'dkif[kyifac:a0: Muonf/)
trsKd;om;rsm;onf ,cifu Yisa Sen udktrsm; tjzpf0wfqif
Muonf/ Meng Peng ac:&dk;&m "g;ykvdkif;udk trsKd;om;wdkif;
tcsdefjynfh vG,favh&Sdonf/ vuf,ufurf;rsm;rSm tqifhjrifhvSí
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aemuf? armif;? a&Tebufrsm; ay;&NyD;?trsKd;orD; rdbrsm;rSvnf;
0ufxD; 9 aumiftxdowfay;NyD; jyeftrf;onfhvufaqmifrsm;t
jzpfa'ovuf,ufapmif?ykwD;?tdk;cGufykuefrsm;jyefay;avh&Sdonf/

pdkufysKd;a&;? arG;jrLa&;ESifh pD;yGGg;a&;

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vkyfief;jzpfNyD;pyg;udktrsm;qkH;pdkufysKd;Muonf/ tjcm;pdkufysKd;oD;
ESHrsm;rSm ajymif;? qyfeD? qyf0g? yJtrsKd;rsKd;? ocGg;? z&kH?ausmufz&kH?
z&J? csOfaygif?&kef;ya'? ESrf; ? aeMum? BuH? rkefnif;? [if;cwftarT;
tBudKifrsm; ponfwdkUjzpfonf/awmif,mudk ESpfpOf trsm;tm;jzifh
Zefe0g&DvwGif ckwfavh&SdMuNyD; rwfvwGif awmif,mrD;rsm;0dkif;0ef;
&IdMuonf/ arvodkUr[kwf rdk;OD;apmvsifapmovdk pyg;? ajymif;?
aumufyJoD;ESHrsm;udk taphcs pdkufysKd;Muonf/ v,fpyg;pdkufysKd;ol
rsm;vnf; tenf;tusOf;&Sdonf/ &Gmol&Gmom;wdkif;EGm;aemuf ykdif
qdkifMuNyD;awmxJwGifobm0tavsmufarG;jrLMuonf/ wESpfvQif
tenf;qkH;ESpfBudrfcefUEGm;aemufrsm;ukd&SmazGavh&SdNyD; ,Ofyg;atmif
qm;auR;avh&Sdonf/rdrdEGm;aemufrsm;udkrdrdudk,fwdkiftrSwftom;
rsm; jzifhrSwfom;avh&Sdonf/tjcm;arG;jrLxm;aom wd&dpämefrsm;rSm
Muuf? 0uf? uRJ? EGm;? qdwf ? bJ wdkUjzpfonf/ pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;rsm;
tjzpf,cktcsdefwGifMuufql?zsHO?z&kHrsm;udkpdkufysKd;a&mif;csMuonf/
w&m;r0ifopfcGyef;rsm;udk&SmazGa&mif;csjcif; ESifhtwl?trJvdkufjcif;
tm;jzifhvnf; pD;yGg;&Smolrsm;&Sdonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;rS vuf,uft
0wftxnfrsm;udk wEdlifwydkif ,ufvkyf a&mif;csjcif;rsm;&Sdonf/'dkif
a'o\t"du0ifaiG &&Sdaomvkyfief;okH;ckrSm pdkufysKd;a&;?arG;jrLa&;
ESifh a'oxGufajray:ajratmuf oH,HZmwrsm;udk a&mif;csjcif;om
jzpfonf/

bmompum;

'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf rdcif'dkifbmpum;udkbkHbmompum;tjzpfwGif
us,fpGm okH;pGJMuonf/ rsKd;EG,fpktwGif; bmompum;ajym[efrSmt
enf;i,fuGJvGJrI&Sdí¤if;wdkUrSmuefyufvufNrdKUe,fwGifrSDwif;aexdkifonhf
'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpk tcsKdUESifh rwlyD NrdKUe,ftwGif;rSDwif; aexdkifonfh'dkifvl
rsKd;EG,fpkwdkU\pum;ajym[efrsm;jzpfonf/okdUaomfeD;pyfonfhaexdkifrI
ESifh qufoG,fajymqdkrIt&&GmeD;csif;rsm;rS¤if;wdkUokH;pGJaomajym[efudk
em;vnfoabmaygufonf/toHxGuf(okdUr[kwf)av,lavodrf;rSmrl
l tenf;i,fuGJvGJrI&Sdonf/'dkifpmayzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrSm 1980 ckESpfausmf
rS 8smrefvlrsKd;rsm;\ ulnDcsuft&ay:aygufvmcJUonf/ a&;[efrSm
vnf;8smreftu©&mpOfrsm;udkom Asnf;?o&tjzpfokH;pGJonf/'dkifvlrsKd;
EG,fpk bmompum;ukwf (oauFw)rSm Dao jzpfNyD;? tkdiftufpftdk
(International Standard Organization)eHygwfrSm(639 -3)
jzpfonf/ c&pf,mef®fusrf;pm(NT)udk 1996 ckESpfwGifbmomjyefNyD;pD;
cJUonf/c&pf,mefbmoma&;wGif 'dkifpmayudkwGifus,fpGmokH;pGJMuonf/
'dkife,ftwGif; rSDwif;aexkdifMuoltcsKdUwdkUonf rdrdwdkUa&ajra'oESifh
qufpyfvsuf&Sdonfh bmompum;rsm;jzpfonfh rGef;?tlyl; (csif;ykH)?rwl
ESifh Arm ponfhbmompum;rsm;udkvnf; okH;pGJEdlifonf/'dkifpmayzGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufa&;twGuf ,cktcgwGif 'dkif - t8Fvdyftbd"gefudkxkwfa0&ef
jyifqifaeNyDjzpfonf/

ynma&;

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wwfajrmufrIr&Sday/ wGJbuftxufwef; ausmif;rsm;udk &GmBuD;tcsKdU
wGifzGifhvSpfay;xm;onf/tajccHtxufwef;ynmoifMum;NyD;olrsm;
rSm'dkife,ftwGif;ta,mufaygif;(10000)0ef;usifcefU&Sdrnf[kcefUrSef;
&onf/a'otwGif;bGJU&&SdrIrSmta,muf(1000)cefUom&Sdonf/tjcm;
ynma&;tjzpf &efukef?rEÅav;ESifh tjcm;NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGifbmoma&;
ausmif;rsm;wufa&mufNyD;bmoma&;bGJ&olrsm;,cktcgtrsm;tjym;
&SdNyDjzpfonf/ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;oifwef;rsm;ESifhuGefjyLwm? tif
wmeuf ponfhoifwef;rsm;rSm 'dkife,fwGifr&Sdyg/ ¤if;oifwef;rsm;udk
NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGifomwufa&mufEdklifonfhtwGuf a'o\ (99)&mcdkifEIef;
jynfolvlxkrSm oifMum;wwfajrmufEdlifjcif;r&Sday/

usef;rma&;

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vnf; aq;0g;zlvkHrIr&Sdyg/ a'otwGif;uRrf;usifwwfajrmufonfhq
&m0efwpfa,mufrQ r&Sday/aq;bufqdkif&m0efxrf;rsm;jzpfonfhusef;
rma&;rI;?olemjyK?0rf;qGJponfwdkUtenf;tusOf;&Sdaomfvnf;a'ovl
ESifh EdIif;,SOfvQifavmufiSrIr&Sdyg/aq;0g;rsm;udkrdrdudk,fydkifaiGaMu;jzifh
om0,f,lokH;pGJMuonf/ tjzpftrsm;qkH;a&m8grsm;rSm 0rf;ysuf0rf;
avsm?iSufzsm;? wkwfauG;a&m8grsm; ESifhtdkiftdk'if;qm;csKdUwJUrIaMumifh
tjzpfrsm;aom vnfyif;BuD;a&m8gponfwdkUonftjzpfrsm;onf/

vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; ESifhtjcm;qufoG,fa&;

a'otwGif; vloGm;vrf;rsm; omaygufa&mufonf/ udk,fxludk,fx &GmpOf
um;vrf;rsm;udkaus;&GmtcsKdUpkaygif;í azmufvkyfMuonf/a'otwGif;
wpf&GmrSwpf&Gm(odkUr[kwf)a'owpfckrSwpfckodkU ajcusifjzifhomoGm;vmMu
onf/ xdkUjyifa'otwGif;enf; ynm&yfqdkif&m qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;
jzpfonfh tifwmeuf?zkef;?aMu;eef;?zufpf ponfwdkUrSmwpfckrQr&Sdyg/ 'dkifa'
oudk jrefrmUppftpdk;& u rodaus;uRefjyKxm;í qufoG,fa&;qdkif&m wdk;
wufzGUHNzdK;atmif rnfonfht&mrQjyKvkyfay;jcif;r&Sdyg/

obm0aygufyifrsm;

'dkifa'otwGif;obm0tavsmufaygufa&muf&SifoefMuonfhopfyif
yef;rmefrsm;rSm rsKd;pdyfaygif; (1000 )ausmfcefU&Sdrnfjzpfonf/xif;
&I;? uRef;?ydawmuf?ysOf;uwdk;?tif?unif?vufyH?opft,f?cs,f&D? awmif
ZvyfponfhopfyifBuD;rsm;tjyiftjcm;opfyifBuD;rsm;vnf;tajrmuf
trsm;aygufa&mufonf/ aq;zuf0ifEG,fjrpfopfyifrsm;vnf; pkHvif
pGmaygufa&mufonf/ 0g;awmrsm;rSm'dkifa'\ig;ykH ESpfykHudkvTrf;rdk;xm;
onf/ ¤if;0g;awmrsm;udk “'dkif0g;” [kvnf;wGifus,fpGm ac:a0:Mu
onf/ 'dkifa'oonfcsif;jynfe,f\tBuD;rm;qkH;opfawmrsm;&Sifoef
aygufa&muf&m wpfckwnf;aoma'ojzpfonf/

&dk;&mtpm;tpmrsm;

'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf rdrdwdkU&dk;&myGJawmfrsm;ESifhtjcm;aomyGJvrf;o
bifrsm;tm;vkH;rdrdwdkU\ &dk;&mtpm;tpmrsm;udk csufjyKwf auR;arG;
{nfhcHavh&SdMuonf/ jym[if;ac: (Guuk Booi)rSmxif&Sm;aom&kd;
&m[if;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;[if;csuf&mwGif t"duyg0ifaomypönf;
rSm iSufaysmyif\ jym(odkUr[kwf)tjcm;opfyif wpfrsKd;rsKd;\jymudkppf
í&&Sdvmaom t&nfjzifh csufjyKwfjcif;jzpfonf/jym[if;jzihfvdkufzuf
aomtpm;tpmrSm csOfaygif;[if;&nfjzpfonf/ tjcm;xif&Sm;aom
tpm;tpmrSm cdkifyJUac:aumufnSif;rkefUzuf xkyfjyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/
yGJawmfrsm;ESifhaumufopfpm;yGJac: pyg;&dwfodrf;yGJrsm;wGifrkefUzufxkyf
rsm;udk tajrmuftrsm;jyKvkyfMuNyD; vma&mufaom tdrfeD;csif;{nf
onfrsm;udk a0iSavh&Sdonf/[if;cwftarT;tBudKifrsm;tjzpf qEGif;?
8sif;? MuufoGef (awmMuufoGef)?yifpdrf;&Guf?&myef;ndKac: vkH;cGD ESifhi
&kwfoD;rsm;udktrsm;qkH;tokH;jyKMuonf/0g;usnfawmufrsm;twGif;
tom;?ig;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;csufjyKwfjcif(Yaw Lai)onfvnf;cH
wGif;Nrdeffapaom &dk;&mcsufjyKwfenf;jzpfonf/

0wfpm;qif,ifrIxkH;pHrsm;

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,uf0g8Grf;xnfrsm;udk tjrwfwEdk;wefzdk;xm; 0wfqifMuonf/trsKd;
orD;rsm;twGuf zsmef;? iSD;vnf?&dpmayguf?&dpm;qJifESifhtrsKd;om;rsm;
twGufrlzsmef;? &dpm;qJif ponfwdkUudk,ufvkyf 0ifqifMuonf/ ,cif
utrsKd;om;rsm;onf Khyu udk0wfqifrIrsm;&SdcJUonf/ trsKd; orD;
rsm;onf yGDapmif;(cg;ywf)? rdk;ac: ykwD;rsm;udk,aeUxufwdkif 0ifqif
tokH;jyKMuonf/ rsufESmrsm;udk ,cifuy&Jac:yg;rJrsm;xkd;xm;aom
aMumifh vdrf;cs,fjyifqifrIr&Sdyg/ ,aeUacwfvkHrysKdrsm;rSmrl oeyfcg;?
rdwfuyf ponfhtvSjyifypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKvmMuonf/'dkife,ft
wGif; udk,fwdkif,ufvkyf0wfqif aomvuf,ufuef;rsm;rSm tqifht
wef;ESifht&nftaoG;jrifhrm;rI ,aeUxufwdkif&SdqJjzpfonf/ tdrfwGif;
okH; NcHKapmifrsm;udkvnf; rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif ,ufvkyftokH;jyKMuonf/

obm0ygwf0ef;usifysufokef;rI

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awmrsm;ESpfpOf ajrmufrsm;pGmqkH;&IH;ysufpD;&onf/ awmif,mckwfjcif;
onfopfawm?0g;awmrsm;udkckwfvSJrD;&IdUjcif;jzpfít"duopfawmjyKef;
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opfcGrsm;) &SmazGjcif;onfvnf; opfawm?opfyifrsm;udkxdcdkufysufpD;
aponf/xkdUjyifa'otzdk;we fobm0tvSw&m;udkzsufpD;jcif;vnf;
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vSJjcif;onfvnf;xif;&I;awmrsm;udkzsufpD;jcif;jzpfonf/jrefrmUppft
pkd;&\ EdlifiHjcm;0ifaiG&&Sda&;twGuf opfawmrsm;udk ckwfxGifa&mif;cs
jcif;onfvnf;a'otwGif;&Sda8[pepfudkrsm;pGmzsufpD;epfemaponf/
tjcm;ajray:? ajratmufoH,HZmwrsm;?opfawmxGufypönf;rsm;udk
tvkH;t&if;jzihf &SmazGa&mif;csjcif;? obm0om;&dkif;wd&pämefrsm;udkpD;
yGg;a&;wGuf zrf;qD;owfjzwfa&mif;csjcif;rsm;onf vuf&Sd 'dkife,fwGif
BuHKawGU&ifqdkifae&aom obm0ygwf0ef;usifqdkif&mqkH;&IH;epfemrIrsm;
jzpfonf/

tpdk;&tkyfcsKyfrIrsm;Å

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vmuwnf; urdrdwdkUudk,fydkifa'udk NrdKUe,fav;NrdKUe,ftwGif;xnfh
oGif;tkyfcsKyfjcif; cHcJU&onf/ xkdNrdKUe,fav;NrdKUe,ftwGif;xnfhoGif;
tkyfcsKyfjcif;wdkUaMumifh'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;ukdk'dkif[kac:qdk&rnfhtpm;uefyuf
vuf'dkif?rif;wyf'dkif? rwlyD'dkifESifhyvuf0'dkif[kac:a0:jcif;,aeUwdkif
cHae&onf/xdkodkUac:a0:okH;pGJjcif;onf'dkifvlrsKd;pkrsm;udk aoG;cGJjcif;
jzpfonf/ csif;jynfe,ftwGif;aexdkifonfhvlOD;a&;pm&if;rsm;t&'dkif
vlrsKd;pkrsm;onf pkpkaygif;csif;vlrsKd;OD;a&\ 10 ykHwpfykHcefU &Sdaomf
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üomwnf&Sdonf/ jrefrmUppftpdk;&tkyfcsKyfjcif;aMumifh'dkifvlrsKd;pkrsm;
ynmwwfrsm;r&Sdatmif ynma&;tajctaetvGeftrif;edrfUusvsuf
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rsm;jzpfonfhaMu;eef;?pmwdkuf? zkef;? tifwmeufpaomtajccHvlrI0ef
aqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;wpfckrSwnfaqmufwyfqifay;jcif;r&Sdyg/xdkUaMumifh
'dkifa'oonfjrefrmjynf\wdk;wufrItaES;auG;qkH;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI
tenf;qkH;tajctaeodkU a&muf&Sdae&onf/

awm&dkif;wdpäm&efrsm;

'dkife,ftwGif;rSDwif;aexdkifMuonfawm&dkif;wd&dpämefrsm;rSmqif?usm;?
usm;opf? 0uf0H? awm0uf?qwf?ajymif?pdkif?*sD? arsmuf?0HykavG?ajracG;?
jzL?oif;acGcsyf?zsH?awmaMumif?a>rtrsKd;rsKd;?vif;&I;?awmMuuf?a'gif;?
&pf ponfwdkUjzpfMuonf/xdkUjyifiSufrsKd;EG,fpdwfaygif; wpf&mausmfudk
vnf;'dkife,ftwGif; awGU&Sd&onf/xif&Sm;aomiSufrsm;rSm'dkifvlrsKd;wdkU
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0ifiSufjzpfaom atmufcsif;iSuf(Hornbill? ZmrPDiSuf (Vaang
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iSuftrnfaygif; wpf&mausmf &Sdonf/ jrpf?acsmif;rsm; wGif ig;?ykZGef?
uPef;?vdyf?zm; ponfh a&aeowÅ0grsm; udkvnf;tpkHtvifawGU&Sd
&onf/

w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mESifh a'oEÅmÅ&tkyfcsKyfa&;

'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;udk ,cifu
rsKd;EG,fpk acgif;aqmifrsm;? ewfyqef;q&mrsm;ESifh aus;&Gmacgif;
aqmifrsm;uom pD&ifqkH;jzwf cJUMuonf/ olUwyg; om;r,m;jypf
rSm;rIonf 'dkifvlrsKd;wdkU twGuf tBuD;rm;qkH;aom jypfrIjzpfonf/
tu,fí w&m;pD&ifqkH;jzwf&mwGif w&m;olBuD;rsm;rS qkH;jzwfEdlif
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usdrfqdk&onf/ w&m;vdk odkUr[kwf w&m;cH wOD;OD;rSusrf;usdrfqdkEdlif
onf/ ,cifu vlrsKd;pk\tBuD;tuJ odkUr[kwf acgif;aqmifrsm;rS
rdrdvlrsKd;ta&;udpörsm;twGuf OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKavh&SdcJUonf/ ,ck
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ppftpdk;&vufatmufwGifwm0efxrf;aqmifaomolrsm;rSpDrHcefU
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rsm;u aus;&GmvlxkxH tcGefaumufcHMuonf/ xdkUaMumif'dkifvlxk
taejzifh ppftpdk;&ESif hCNF ESpfbufpvkH;udkESpfpOf tcGefay;
aqmif&onf/

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'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;\ &dk;&myGJawmfrsm;rSm Saak Thai Suuk Ei Cü
(aumufopfpm;yGJ)? Sang Leih (pyg;avSUyGJ)? Pung Yu (rsKd;aph
rsm;aumif;BuD;ay;yGJ)? Soot Su (toD;tESHatmifjrif&eftwGufqk
awmif;yGJ)? Khai m’deh ( tOD;ajymif;? [if;oD;[if;&Guf?opfoD;
0vHpm;aomufyGJ)?Lung Süm(ausmufjyifcsDyGJESifhEGm;aemufowfyGJ)
? Im Kaai (tdrfopfwufyGJ)?Im leh (owdkUorD;rdbrsm;ESifh aph
pyfyGJ)?Ca Püm(r8FvmyGJ)?VokNg’yoh(0wfowfyGJodkUESpfbuf
rdbrsm;rSr8FvmaMu;ay;yGJ)?Pyah Saat , Sa Haut (pkaygif;t
rJvdkufyGJ) wdkUonf xif&Sm;aom&dk;&myGJrsm;jzpfonf/xdkyGJawmfrsm;wGif
'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;onf&dk;&mtursm;jzifhazsmfajzwifqufavh&Sdonf/xif&Sm;
aom&dk;&mtursm;rSm Püi Lam Siing(ol&Jaumif;tu)?Ak Noi
Siing( pkaygif;tu)?Saak Siing,Keat Siing ESifh Se Lu Siing S
tuwdkUjzpfMuonf/&kD;&mykavG oDusL;jcif;rsm;rSm 'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;
twGif;xif&Sm;onf/ ESmacgif;jzifhrIwfaomLeng La( 0g;ykavG&Snf)
rSm 'dkife,ftwGif;tvGefxif&Sm;onf/tjcm;vlodrsm;aomykavGrsm;rSm
Pi Lim ESifh Phi Phät wkdUjzpfMuonf/ 0g;jzifhjyKvkyfí wD;&aom
Khing Khängudkvnf; aus;vufrsm;wGif wD;cwfavh&SdMuonf/
&dk;&mwl&d,mrsm;rSmarmif;trsKd;rsKd;?vifuGef;?0g;ykavGtrsKd;rsKd;?AkH?
0g;vufckyfponfwdkUjzpfMuonf/'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;onf &dk;&myGJawmfrsm;
twGif;aus;vuf&dk;&muAsm?vumFESifh oDcsif;rsm;udk tjyeftvSef
oDqdkMuonf/ oDcsif;rsm;oDqdk&mwGif trsm;tm;jzifh vufwef;oDqdkrI
jyKvkyfEdlifMuonf/

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aqmif;&moDwdkUjzpfMuonf/ 'dkifa'oonforydkif;ZHk&moDOwktrsKd;
tpm;udkydkifqdkifonf/ysOf;rQtylcsdefrSm5'D8&DpifwD8&dwfrS20'D8&Dpif
wD8&dwftwGif;&Sdonf/rkefokefrdk;rsm;onfarvaESmif;ydkif;rSpwif0if
a&mufvmNyD;atmufwdkbmvaESmif;ydkif;wGiftqkH;owfonf/aqmif;
&moDrSmEdk0ifbmvrSazazmf0g&Dvv,ftxdjzpfonf/aEGOwkwGifor
ydkif;ZkHjzpfonfhtavsmuf tyl'Pfudkjyif;xefpGmrcHpm;&yJ aumif;rGef
pGmaexdkifoGm;vm vkyfudkifEdlifonf/aEGumvrSmazazmf0g&DvaESmif;
ydkif;rS arvukeftxdjzpfonf/ rdk;OwkwGif trsm;tjzifha'o tac:
ta0:rdIif;ac:jrLrIefrsm;tESHtjym;usa&mufonf/aqmif;Owkonf
obm0&Icif;rsm;udktaumif;qkH;&Ipm;Edlifaomtcsdefcgor,jzpfonf/

('dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpk ordkif;&SmazGa&;aumfrwD)